This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed conference proceedings of the First International Conference on Runtime Verification, RV 2010, held in St. Julians, Malta, in November 2010. The 23 revised full papers presented together with 6 invited papers, 6 tutorials and 4 tool demonstrations were carefully reviewed and selected from 74 submissions. The papers address a wide range of topics such as runtime monitoring, analysis and verification, statically and dynamical, runtime simulations, together with applications in malware analysis and failure recovery, as well as execution tracing in embedded systems.