This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Autonomous Infrastructure, Management and Security, AIMS 2010, held in Zurich, Switzerland, in June 2010. The 9 revised full papers and 5 short papers presented together with 11 papers of the AIMS Ph.D. workshop were carefully reviewed and selected from 28 submissions to the main conference and 22 submissions to the Ph.D. workshop. The papers are organized in topical sections on P2P-based systems; autonomous management; overlays and non-conventional network infrastructures; management mechanisms; and security, network monitoring, and analysis.