This book constitutes the proceedings of the First international Conference on Information Processing in Computer-Assisted Interventions, IPCAI 2010, held in Geneva, Switzerland, in June 2010. The 18 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 40 submissions. The contributions are grouped in topical sections on CAI: imaging, modeling and visualization; clinical applications and validation; medical robotics, instrumentation, and modeling; cardiovasvular modeling and navigation; and planning, simulation, and guidance.