How are macro population structures linked to the value systems of local communities? In this book, the author explores this question using innovative methods of demographic anthropology that combine qualitative and quantitative approaches to the cases of Thailand and Japan. マクロな人口動態と地域社会の価値体系がどのように結びついているのか。タイと日本の事例への、定性的・定量的アプローチを組み合わせた人口人類学の革新的な方法から探究する。（本文英語） ACKNOWLEDGMENTS INTRODUCTION Aims of this Book A Contribution to Demographic Anthropology Chapter 1 　THE SOCIAL CONTEXTS OF LOW FERTILITY The Case of Thailand: Population Aging and Elderly Care The Case of Japan: Sexuality and Reproduction Chapter 2 METHODOLOGICAL CHALLENGES: CAPTURING LARGE POPULATIONS, QUANTITATIVELY AND QUALITATIVELY Data Collection in Bangkok: Statistical Considerations and Ethnographic Approach Data Collection in Tokyo and Other Parts of Japan: Exploring Alternative Methods Chapter 3　LIVING ARRANGEMENTS OF ELDERLY PEOPLE IN BANGKOK: THE IMPORTANCE OF HAVING A BUN KHUN -MINDED CHILD Traditional Old-age Co-residence Determinants of Living Arrangements: Quantitative Results Ethnographic Insights: Qualitative Results Conclusions Chapter 4 SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR AMONG SINGLE MALES IN JAPAN Meaning of Sexual Activities: Social Sexuality and Solo Sexuality Dating Relationships and Reproductive Future with the Girlfriend Conclusions Chapter 5 CONCLUSIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX