Stress produces a large number of symptoms which can induce physical health decline as well as physiological depression. The effective stress management is one of the keys to felicitous and successful life in modern society. Although life provides various demands that can prove difficult to control, stress management is considered as one of the best ways to adapt to challenges and maintain the steady states in the organism.This book summarizes the recent results obtained in my and my colleagues concerning the potential roles of COX-2 and progranulin as a mediator in regulating the HPA axis and adult hippocampal neurogenesis under various acute stress conditions. Such knowledge may yield valuable new insights into the mechanisms underlying responses to various acute stresses and develop the novel stress theory for the stress management and treatment.