This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Workshop on Prostate Cancer Imaging, held in conjunction with MICCAI 2010, in Beijing, China, in September 2010. The 11 revised full papers presented together with 2 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 13 submissions. The papers cover the clinical areas radiology, radiation oncology, digital pathology, and image guided intervention, addressing topics such as prostate segmentation, multi-modal prostate registration, computer-aided diagnosis and classification of prostate cancer.